[Ennath]

July 15, 1913
Balkans Rumania declares war on Bulgaria and Rumanian troops push practically unopposed toward Sofia. At the same time, the Turks emerge from their lines to reoccupy Adrianople.

July 15, 1914
Austria-Hungary Count Tisza, making a statement in the Hungarian Chamber, says that relations with Serbia “must be cleared up.”

July 15, 1915
Western Front German attacks on the Yser continue.
French Command Sarrail is relieved at 3rd Army and replaced with Georges Humbert. Sarrail’s political friends will try to find him another command.
Eastern Front The Germans develop a new offensive toward Riga. The Germans storm the Russian line south of Przasnysz and force the Russians to retreat toward the Narew.
Italian Front The Italians launch an attack in the Dolomites.
Britain A strike of Welsh coal miners begins.
Germany German becomes the only official language in Alsace-Lorraine.
United States Heinrich Albert, head of German propaganda in America, accidentally leaves his briefcase on a New York subway car. The Secret Service retrieves it; it exposes the existence of an extensive espionage and subversion network.

July 15, 1916
Western Front, Somme Rawlinson has received new reserves, part of Kitchener’s “New Army” draftees, along with more Dominion troops. The South Africans take Delville Wood and British troops penetrate the outskirts of Pozieres. The Germans retake La Maisonette, but are driven out again by French counterattacks.
Eastern Front Learning from intelligence that the Austro-Germans intend to launch an attack on the 18th, General Sakharov, commanding 11th Army, anticipates the offensive at Lutsk by attacking first, along the Upper Styr. They take 13,000 prisoners and large stockpiles of ammunition, aborting the German plan. In the Riga sector, the Russians attack near Kemmern.
Caucasus The Russians take Baiburt. Their left drives the Turks southwest of Mush.

July 15, 1917
Western Front German attacks at Moronvillers fail.
Eastern Front Austro-German resistance in Galicia is stiffening. The Russians lose some ground south of Kalusz. The heavy rains continue.
Russia The moderate Cadet Party walks out of the government due to recognition of Ukrainian autonomy, threatening the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries (SR’s) with a breakup of the government coalition.
North Sea British destroyers raid the Dutch coast, sinking two German merchant ships and capturing four more, stopping coastal trade with Rotterdam.

July 15, 1918
Western Front Knowing that the German artillery barrage is to begin at 12:10 AM, the French have opened their own barrage forty minutes earlier. Gas shells, U.S. troops’ first experience with gas, comprise a major part of the German bombardment. The German attack comes on a 50-mile front east and west of Rheims. General Goraud, employing Petain’s defensive tactics, holds the Germans to a modest advance. In the east the Germans are completely stopped. The left flank, protected by Degoutte’s 6th Army, also holds well. But in the center, Berthelot, who has only recently assumed command and has been unable to impose Petain’s tactics, holds a line comprising both French and Italian units. They give way along a 5-mile front, allowing the Germans to cross the Marne between Dormans and Fossoy, penetrating 2 to 3 miles. French artillery and aircraft zero in on this sector, attacking the temporary bridges the Germans have thrown up, and the Italians hold their second line positions. American troops repulse an attack at Vaux. Petain rounds up some reinforcements, including two British divisions that Foch persuades Haig to release.
After a respite of five weeks, the Paris Gun resumes its bombardments of the French capital.
Mediterranean The French transport Djemnah is torpedoed; 442 are lost.
Austrian Command Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf is placed on the retired list.
Caucasus Enver again indulges in grandiose dreams. His “Army of Islam”, now about 25,000 strong, is launched toward Baku and the Caspian Sea, thus tying up Turkish troops that are sorely needed elsewhere. The Germans oppose the offensive, regarding all of south Russia as theirs by right of conquest.

July 15, 1920
Turkey Greek troops occupy Edirne and Turkish Thrace.
Russia The Japanese sign an agreement to withdraw from Siberia. Fears of Communism lead the Japanese to delay actual departure as long as possible. Nevertheless, they drop support for Semyonov’s White army, which is driven from the Baikal region in October. Semyonov flees Russia in September 1921.